Dr Jain has made extensive contribution in the field of genetic recombination, including its mechanism and regulation, more particularly its control at interchromosome level. A new hypothesis on such a control has been developed and considerable experimental evidence has been obtained in support of it. Dr Jain's work on tomato and later on Drosophila has provided what is regarded as perhaps the first convincing evidence in support of the phenomenon of mutagen specificity. Manipulation of mutation rates and spectrum has been one of the main objectives of contemporary mutation research. Dr Jain's work has been an important contribution in this direction. His other studies relate to the synthesis of RNA in plant cells, more particularly the demonstration of hyperactive nature of the nucleolus-organizing in this synthesis.